Harford Bicycle Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Harford Bicycle Planning - Assignment Example Hull consists of a population of 262,000 individuals with a near 50/50 gender ratio. No particular cycling habits were identified through studies pertaining to very regionalized cultural habits in Hull. It is an understanding that certain geographical features and inherent landscape motivations will determine some consumer behaviour, however without this data this marketing function seeks for mass market appeal via a systematic IMC campaign. In this city, the infrastructure for this activity is present, the motivations and incentives are a missing component. Using valid concepts of human behaviour, target markets were identified as subsections: Since no identifiable model of consumer target characteristics could be identified, this segmentation approach represents a modified acknowledgement of the FCB Planning Model and the Elaboration Likelihood Model of consumer decision-making. Taking into assessment the history and structure of Hull, these markets coincide with the geographical proximity of Halford’s product distributors and can be targeted through mass-focused communications over a systematic time period. The concept is not about making comparable difference claims about Halford’s internal brand reliance and partnerships, positioning Halford’s is identifying its strengths and weaknesses that are most likely to be present in the local environment. Halford’s currently refers to itself as much like a distributor when referring to its product selection, thus making it competitive through its product. Halford’s requires a repositioning during this summer period that gives the business a personified image. It is choice of quality positioning as a lifestyle leader for key markets with a supplementary identity as a premier sales organization. Quality. It speaks a different language depending on the target

Hurricane Katrina Essay Example for Free

Hurricane Katrina Essay Whenever natural calamities occur they leave people terrifies, traumatized and to some the shock is just too much too handle. For the people who are not affected by the calamity the least one can do is to offer assistance of any kind to victims of the calamity. It is thus becomes inhuman when a person takes advantage of resources and money reserved for people who have been befallen by a calamity to benefit their self interests. When Hurricane Katrina struck millions of people lost their lives and hundreds of million others were displaced. It has been more than four years since this calamity struck. Despite the many years that have passed the effects of this hurricane is still being felt till today. Amazingly though, while some people are still grieving for the losses suffered from this calamity, some people on the other side have been taking advantage of the money raised and resources put together to help the victims of the storm. This essay looks at some of the scandals that have been unearthed since this hurricane struck (Adam. 2009). When hurricane Katrina struck Americans came out in large numbers to contribute for the victims of this calamity. At least $1. 85 billion was given as charity and this came from contributions of good Samaritans all over America. Months after these contributions were made and passed to the assumingly right channels it is now coming a shock to many a people that the money has in fact never found its way to the right place let alone benefit the victims of hurricane Katrina. There are many scandals surrounding the money that was intended the victims of the storm. Massive rip offs of money that was meant to help the helpless (Hakeem. 2006). One of the major scandals involving the money that was contributed for the survivors of this tragedy is one that involves stealing money from the Red Cross International center that was established shortly after the hurricane struck. This center was established in an attempt to aid victims of the storm by providing them with a form of identification which the victims would then use to claim some money. However this center, though established through a Red Cross initiative the whole process was delegated to another company which was expected to wok out all modalities on behalf of Red Cross. The employees of this agent company however looked at the whole process and found some loopholes through which they could somehow take advantage of this money and channel elsewhere to benefit individuals who had not been affected by hurricane Katrina and consequently living the victims of hurricane Katrina in the cold without money and a place to call home (Hakeem. 2006). Investigations carried out reveal that the employees of this agent company that was carrying out the rescue process on behalf of Red Cross called all their friends and acquaintances and gave them the funds that were originally meant to benefit the victims of the storm. Simply put, the form of identification that was meant to be given to victims of hurricane Katrina were given to people who had not in any way been affected by the storm and consequently these people got money that was meant for these victims. It was outright fraud (Adam. 2009). As investigations continue this issue continues to puzzle and draw more questions than answers. It is not yet clear how this happened without any person noticing it. Or is it that those who were expected to keep an eye and watch are the ones who were busy enriching themselves? How could such a delicate matter be handled so casually? Did Red Cross ever suspect any backstabbing by the companies it had outsourced this work to? According to U. S Attorney McGregor Scott, when the hurricane struck the number of casualties were way to many for this non governmental organization to handle. Thus in the circumstances they were not left with much of a choice but to look for help beyond their boundaries and outsourcing seemed the best of all the available options. Pressure was quickly mounting on Red Cross not to sit on the money that had been raised to help the victims but instead move expeditiously to ensure that the money had been distributed to the victims. As a result of this pressure there was not much time for Red Cross to establish protocols of good faith with the companies that had been given the contacts to give the money to the survivors. This was the biggest loophole (Robert. 2009). It has always been an issue because Americans are complaining of the money that they contributed to help the victims. It is now a big scandal and Red Cross is having trouble going around this whole situation. With the massive suffering that hurricane Katrina caused people are alarmed at these scandals. It is unbelievable just how far the brutality of human beings can go. References Adam. K. (2009). New Orleans, New York: Lonely Planet. Hakeem. et al, (2006). Absurdities, Scandals Stupidities in Politics, New York: Lulu. com. Robert. et al, (2009). Race, Place, and Environmental Justice After Hurricane Katrina: Struggles to Reclaim, Rebuild, and Revitalize New Orleans and the Gulf Coast, New York: Westview Press. .

Anglo-Saxon Ideal Code of Conduct :: Beowulf Epic Poems Anglo-Saxon Literature Essays

Anglo-Saxon Ideal Code of Conduct The epic poem of â€Å"Beowulf† presents the characteristics of two heroes, Beowulf and Hrothgar. During this Anglo-Saxon time period, Hrothgar rules as the king of his Danish lands. However, this king faces many problems due to the disturbances of a monster known as Grendel. As an Anglo-Saxon warrior of the time, Beowulf hears of this creature and journeys through the hero's path to kill Grendel. Through this journey, Hrothgar and Beowulf reconstruct the code of conduct of an ideal Anglo-Saxon king and warrior. The Danish lands of the time are ruled by Hrothgar, a respected and generous king. These qualities of character were admired by the people of his time and place. All people of Hrothgar's kingdom respected this king, and they all accepted his â€Å"very word far and wide as a command.† The people also give him great titles such as the â€Å"Lord of the Mighty Danes,† â€Å"guardian of the Scyldings,† and â€Å"protector of warriors.† Much of these people's respect come in response to Hrothgar's generosity to everyone. This generosity can be seen towards Beowulf, when the king gives his thanks for the heroic deeds of the warrior. Hrothgar rewards Beowulf with priceless material as he says to the warrior, â€Å"You shall lack no earthly riches I can offer you.† The people of the land also trust their king, who holds a strong belief in God. In the scene where Hrothgar celebrates Grendel's death, he holds the monsters hand as he says, â€Å"Let us give thanks at once to God Almighty for this sight.† The followers of the king both respect and trust their ruler, and through his generosity and strong trust in good, Hrothgar displays the ideal code of conduct for an Anglo- Saxon king. Another epic hero that has qualities that follow the Anglo-Saxon code of conduct is Beowulf. This warrior, known to be the â€Å"strongest man alive,† leaves for a heroic journey when he hears of the evil Grendel. He first shows his strength and bravery when he sets sail to assist Hrothgar in defeating Grendel after hearing news of the creature in his own land. Beowulf is constantly referred to as brave, such as when he defeats Grendel, and Hrothgar must reward him for his heroics. As the â€Å"brave man moved forward until he stood immediately before the Danish lord,† Hrothgar says, â€Å"I will reward this brave man with treasures.† The unbeatable strength of Beowulf shows during his confrontation with Grendel, when the monster instantly realizes that â€Å"never had he met any man

Use of Doubt To Persuade Essay -- Successful Persuasion Essays

Persuasion goes on around us everyday, all the time, on television, on advertisements, even in conversations with friends. Perhaps because of this, much has been written on how to persuade more effectively. Most of this literature is built upon the notion that to persuade is to urge successfully and completely. Going along these lines, certainty and confidence are logical complements to effective persuasion, since we cannot hope to convince others when we are ourselves in doubt. Doubt, therefore, is felt to be at the other end of the spectrum and antithetical to persuasion. But the art of persuasion is a human art, and so it is a living art, which cannot be satisfactorily summed up between the covers of self-improvement guides. In reality, successful persuasion can somewhat deviate from the conventional criteria of certainty; in fact, even doubt can be used to persuade. This exciting possibility appears unlikely from the start, because there is an inherent paradox in the notion that doubt can persuade. This contradiction is even clearer when we consider persuasion in the form of a speech given to a large audience. To be able to hold his own in front of a crowd, the speaker, surely, must be certain of himself and what he wants to say. But there is a possible approach by which orators can round the corner of persuading with doubt, and even make doubt work to their advantage. Given that the doubt is a shared concern of both the speaker and his audience, a candid confession of uncertainty may open new emotional inroads into the audience. By serving as a common denominator and a common challenge to both parties, a shared doubt when brought into the open can direct the combined energies of the listeners towards finding a workable so... ...nd genuine than an outward show of sorrow. In this case, to contrive is to constrict. Doubt as an instinct embedded in persuasion transcends common rhetoric as it moves beyond the rational sphere of intellect into the domain of unbridled emotions. For this reason, and also because it was with an intention to explore persuasion beyond conventional notions that we set out to study the use of doubt in the first place, it is impossible and indeed unnecessary to encapsulate the skill of persuading with doubt within any sort of generalising guidelines. To subject this practice to prescriptive limits is to sever its lifeline-the vital element of spontaneity that moves with circumstances. As Lee lamented, "sometimes, history takes many devious turns"; it was exactly through one such quirk of history that his speech in 1965 achieved such astonishing payoffs ("Press" 9).

The Relationship Between Acculturation And Social Identity Education Essay

This text explains about the relationship between socialization and societal individuality of EFL scholars. Culture and societal individuality are closely connected to each other and it is so of import to pay attending plenty to them. I think the acquisition of 2nd linguistic communication requires cultural every bit good as lingual competency every bit good as unrecorded within cultural context. By socialization, we mean the internal procedures of alteration that immigrant experience when they come into direct contact with the members of other civilization. The other point is about societal individuality theory states that people think, feel, and act as members of collative groups and civilizations. So, in this text I briefly explicate about these two of import factors in the procedure of EFL scholars.Introduction:Culture in 2nd linguistic communication instruction and learning indentifies excessively many aspects of civilization that influence SL scholars and instructors. It addres ses the impact of civilization to interact, talk, build significance and write in a 2nd linguistic communication, while remaining within the socioculture paradigms particular to a peculiar linguistic communication and its talkers. ( Hinkle, 1999 ) I think through the survey of other linguistic communications, pupils gain cognition and apprehension of the civilizations that use that linguistic communication ; in fact pupils can non truly maestro the linguistic communication until they have besides mastered the cultural contexts in which the linguistic communication occurs. Actually, a scholar does non truly larn a linguistic communication absolutely unless he/she learn about the civilization of mark linguistic communication. So, I think the of import point is that, all pupils and scholars must pay attending plenty to this point. Linguists and anthropologists have long recognized that the signifiers and utilizations of a given linguistic communication reflect the cultural values of the society in which the linguistic communication is spoken. So, in my sentiment societal individuality of scholars can be made through this procedure. Linguistic competency entirely is non plenty for scholars of a linguistic communication to be competent in that linguistic communication ( Krasner, 1999 ) . Language scholars need to be cognizant, for illustration, of the culturally appropriate ways to turn to people, express gratitude, make petitions, and agree or disagree with person. They should cognize that behaviours and modulation forms that are appropriate in their ain address community may be perceived otherwise by members of the mark linguistic communication address community. They have to understand that, in order for communicating to be successful, linguistic communication usage must be associated with other culturally ap propriate behaviour. So, in my sentiment they should see plenty to the function of societal individuality and societal behaviour of themselves. In differentiation with personal individuality, societal individuality is basically a sense of belonging to a group, whether it is cultural, national, lingual, cultural or professional. All of these countries, among others, consist of the different constituents of our societal individuality. They can besides be referred to as different societal individualities. So, 2nd linguistic communication acquisition involves the acquisition of a 2nd individuality. This creative activity of a new individuality is at the bosom of civilization acquisition, or what some might name socialization. ( Brown, 2000 ) . This term can be defined loosely as the alteration that accurs within an person based on his or her interaction within two distinguishable civilizations. more specifically, Sam and Berry ( 1995 ) defined socialization E? as a construct used to mention to behavioural and psychological alterations that occur as a consequence of contact between people belonging to different civilization groups.E? ( p.10 )Body:Models of Socialization:Based on thoughts proposed in some research ( e.g. , Berry, 1970 ; Sommerlad & A ; Berry, 1970 ) , Sayegh and Lasry ( 1993 ) outlined three theoretical theoretical accounts for understanding the procedure of socialization: additive, bidimensional, and extraneous. Linear ( besides referred to as unidimensional ) theoretic al accounts imply that the socialization position of immigrants is divided into two classs. In one class, the cultural values and beliefs of the group dissolve, or assimilate, into the host civilization. In contrast, persons in the other class retain their value system and independency, therefore being â€Å" marginalized as inassimilable † ( Sayegh & A ; Lasry, 1993 ) . In contrast, bidimensional theoretical accounts suggest that there is an interaction between the dimension of cultural or cultural individuality care and the dimension of dealingss between civilizations or groups. Harmonizing to this theoretical account, four possible manners of socialization are possible: assimilation, integrating, marginalisation, and separation. Assimilation describes when an person from the cultural minority identifies wholly and entirely with the dominant or host civilization while rejecting their cultural individuality. Integration implies a province in which an person from the cultural minority retains strong traditions of their cultural group but besides identifies good with the dominant civilization. Marginalization refers to the happening of an cultural minority group rejecting or being uninvolved with either their cultural civilization or the dominant civilization. Separation is a theoretical account by which the cultural minority group identifies merely with their cultural group while excepting interaction with the dominant civilization. So, these classification must take into history.Definition of Culture:The National Center for Cultural Competence defines civiliz ation as an â€Å" incorporate form of human behaviour that includes ideas, communications, linguistic communications, patterns, beliefs, values, imposts, courtesies, rites, manners of interacting and functions, relationships and expected behaviours of a racial, cultural, spiritual or societal group ; and the ability to convey the above to wining coevalss † ( Goode, Sockalingam, Brown, & A ; Jones, 2000 ) . In its broadcast significance, civilization is a humanly created environment for all our ideas and actions. ( Tepperman et al 1994:1 ) .This is something all worlds portion and what distinguishes us from the carnal universe. After reexamining some paper, I realized that for many people, civilization would intend art, literature, imposts and mundane life peculiar to a certain group.However, civilization besides include unseeable characteristics like beliefs, values, norms and attitudes. The anthropological definition of civilization is besides shared by the other bookmans of the other Fieldss, including that of language.Lado ( 1986:52 ) writes in Linguistic Across Culture that civilization is synonymous with the â€Å" ways of people † ; Chastain ( 1988:302 ) defines civilization as â€Å" the manner people live † and, harmonizing to Brown ( 2000:176 ) , civilization is â€Å" a manner of life † .Goals of learning and learning civilization:When the chief purpose of foreign linguistic communication instruction is to develop pupils ‘ ability to pass on efficaciously and suitably in assorted state of affairss, the instruction of civilization should ease intercultural communicating and understanding.Seelye formulates what he himself calls a ace end for the instruction of civilization: † All pupils will develop the cultural apprehension, attitudes, and public presentation accomplishments needed to work suitably within a section of another society and to pass on with the people socialized in that civilization. â€Å" ( Seelye 1993:29 ) Chastain ( 1988:299-300 ) adds that in linguistic communication categories where intercultural apprehension is one of the ends, pupils become more cognizant of their ain civilization and knowing about the foreign civilization. In such categories, pupils learn to acknowledge cultural forms of behaviour and communicating and map within the parametric quantities with those new outlooks. They learn that civilization daze is a normal reaction, and they anticipate ways to cover with new and uncomfortable state of affairss. The hope is that they will develop a greater tolerance for those whose values, attitudes, and beliefs are different from their and that they will larn to pull off alteration and growing successfully in their life-time ( Damen, 1987 ) . Tomalin and Stempleski ( 1993:7-8 ) have modified See lye ‘s ends of cultural direction.According to them, the instruction of civilization should assist pupils: aˆ?to develop an apprehension of the fact that all people exhibit culturally-conditioned behaviours aˆ?to develop an apprehension that societal variables such as age, sex, societal category, and topographic point of abode influence the manner in which people speak and behave aˆ?to go more cognizant of conventional behaviour in common state of affairss in the mark civilization aˆ?to increase their consciousness of the cultural intensions of words and phrases in the mark linguistic communication aˆ?to develop the ability to measure and polish generalisations about the mark civilization, in footings of back uping grounds aˆ?to develop the necessary accomplishments to turn up and form information about the mark civilization aˆ?to stimulate pupils ‘ rational wonder about the mark civilization, and to promote empathy towards its people So, I think by utilizing these of import points, the pupils gain an of import end that may take them to be better in future.Specifying a cultural course of study:After reexamining some paper, all of them explains about an of import point which is that, cultural course of study. So, I feel it is better to advert here about that.The cultural course of study can be defined and classified utilizing different classs such as subjects, subject countries, and component of civilization and so on. Subjects for learning civilization: The easiest manner to plan a cultural course of study is to roll up a list of subjects that are thought to be of import for or of involvement to pupil. Brooks ( 1986:124-128 ) represented his list including 62 subjects. For illustration music, repasts, medical specialty, festivals, avocations, athleticss, callings etc. However, I think, he claims that such a list is in no manner thorough and stesses that the scholars ‘ age and demands should be considered. Chastain ( 1988:303-304 ) likewise to Brooks claims that pupils can add subjects with which they want to go familiar. In his list there are 37 subjects, including household, place, money, faith, vacation, apparels, good manners and non-verbal communicating. Chosen subjects can be grouped in to countries or classs. Stern ( 1992:219-222 ) emphasizes six classs which an mean linguistic communication scholar is likely to necessitate topographic points, single individuals and manner of life, people and society in general, history, establishments and, fainally art, music, literature and other accomplishments. In syllabus design Stern suggests that instructors should do a pick of a peculiar state where the linguistic communication is spoken. Hasselgreen ( 2003:47-52 ) suggests a list of classs. These classs are based on pupil ‘ essay and hence, see their involvements. The subjects are centered on scholars ‘ intercultural abilities. These are: the ability of get bying with day-to-day life activities, traditions and populating conditions, the ability to cover with societal conventions, assurance with the values, beliefs and attitudes of the foreign linguistic communication users, the ability to utilize verbal communicating agencies and in conclusion, the ability to utilize non-verbal linguistic communication ( e.g. , body linguistic communication and facial looks ) .Wayss of Teaching Culture:Authenticity of stuff: These experiences are valuable for cultural understanding merely in so far as the duologue or dramatic reading dependably reflects behaviour in the mark civilization. Some text editions begin with duologues which reflect common, mundane experience of the pupils in their native civilization, on the rules that they will non happen this confusing since they recognize a familiar state of affairs behind the unusual signifiers. ( Wilga M.1981:327 ) Displaies, postings, bulletin boards, maps and realia can make a ocular and touchable presence of the other clture.students can besides do civilization wall charts which Hughes calls this technique the cultural island. Using reliable beginnings from the native address community helps to prosecute pupils in reliable cultural experiences. Furthermore ; there are many attacks which are utile for instructors in order to assist them to learn the 2nd civilization efficaciously. The cultural aside is likely the most widely used attack to the instruction of civilization.A cultural aside is an unplanned, brief civilization remark. During the category, the instructor normally takes advantage of relevant subjects as they arise to give the pupils spots of cultural information. For illustration if the pupils have the word java, the instructor can distinguish between the java rummy in their state and that of the 2nd civilization and where and when people usually drink coffee. ( Chastain,1988:309 ) . Nostrand ( 1974:298 ) calls the technique an incidental remark. I think this technique can be utile for pupils. Another technique is slice-life which foremost suggested by Taylor in 1972 ; besides offered by Chastain in 1988 and Stern in 1992 is a technique when the instructor chooses a little section of life from the 2nd civilization that is presented to the pupils at the beginning or terminal of the category period. ( Taylor 1972 ) . The cultural learner is a brief description of a critical incident of cross-cultural interaction that may be misinterpreted by pupils. ( Henrichsen, 1998 ) .Cultural learners were originally designed for fixing Peace Corp voluntaries for life in a foreign environment. ( Austere 1992:223 ) . The civilization Capsule is besides used to learn civilization. It is a brief description of one facet of the 2nd civilization followed by a treatment of the contrasts between the civilizations of the first and 2nd linguistic communications ( Chastain 1988:310 ) The typical behaviour of a talker of the linguistic communication in a specific state of affairs is analyzed into constituent parts about which the pupils are informed in several civilization capsules. These capsules are classroom presentations of the constituents of the behaviour through the screening of images or through action with any necessary cultural objects. Subsequently, the pupils act out a scene into which is integrated what they have learned in the capsules. ( Wilga, 1981:329 ) . Some instructors use mini play to assist pupils visualise civilization content. Harmonizing to Chastain ( 1988 ) in this attack pupils incorporate the civilization being learned into their actions as they perform in selected state of affairss. See lye ( 1993:71 ) stresses that the instructor has to set up a non-judgment ambiance during the treatment. It is besides of import for the instructor to utilize the right inquiries. Another technique for learning civilization is self-awareness technique. It serves to raise to consciousness those basic beliefs that govern their values, attitudes, and actions and to enable pupils to get down to understand the function of civilization in society and in single lives. Teachers may utilize sensitiveness exercising, self-assessment questionnaires, job resolution, profiles of personal attitudes, checklists of value orientations, or listening to the sentiments of others as a agency of increasing their consciousness of their ain cultural orientation ( Damen, 1987 ) . Chastain claims that the manner people use the 2nd linguistic communication to show themselves reflects the manner they organize world and instructors can research the linguistic communication and civilization connexions that occur in category. Film and telecasting sections offer pupils an chance to witness behaviours that are non obvious in texts. Film is frequently one of the more current and comprehensive ways to encapsulate the expression, feel, and beat of a civilization. Film besides connects pupils with linguistic communication and cultural issues at the same time ( Stephens, 2001 ) , such as picturing colloquial timing or turn-taking in conversation. Harmonizing to Wilga ( 1981 ) vocals, dances, images, advertizements utilizing the Bulletin Board, intelligence, are besides utile activities which help instructors to learn civilization in category. So by utilizing these techniques, the scholars who are immigrants and travel into another state, can ease their capabality in order to go familiar with civilization of another state. After a piece, their socail individuality will determine their personality, so these two of import factors can be matched through utilizing these techniques.Decision:Here, I want to reason some subdivision. As an of import point, the thought of teaching civilization is nil new to 2nd linguistic communication instructors. In many instances, learning civilization has meant concentrating a few lessons on vacations, customary vesture, common people vocals, and nutrient. While these subjects may be utile, without a broader context or frame they offer small in the manner of enriching lingual or societal insight-es pecially if a end of linguistic communication direction is to enable pupils to work efficaciously in another linguistic communication and society. After reading some documents, if I want to look critically to this point, understanding the cultural context of daily colloquial conventions such as salutations, farewells, signifiers of reference, thanking, doing petitions, and giving or having regards means more than merely being able to bring forth grammatical sentences. I think it means cognizing what is appropriate to state to whom, and in what state of affairss, and it means understanding the beliefs and values represented by the assorted signifiers and uses of the linguistic communication. Culture must be to the full incorporated as a critical constituent of linguistic communication acquisition. Second linguistic communication instructors should place cardinal cultural points in every facet of the linguistic communication that they teach. Students can be successful in talking a 2nd linguistic communication merely if cultural issues are an built-in portion of the course of study. And the last point is that, Acculturation should be achieved as integrating, which means that both ain civilization and host civilization are seen as possessing value as themselves. Acculturation and societal individuality so are closely connected to each other.

Free Essays on Constitution Explained

Constitution of the United States Explained The Constitution was written in the 18th century and was made to replace the current rule of the United States and be the strict guideline of how we are to live and rule. The Constitution is broken up into various different parts consisting of the Preamble which is a basic introduction to the Constitution, Articles, Sections, and Amendments. Under these next few paragraphs I will break down the meaning of the Constitution to the best of my own ability. The Preamble is the beginning introduction to the constitution and explains the purpose of it’s being. It is to reflect how the Framers wanted to have a more perfect government, ensuring the safety of the people, wanting to benefit the people rather than to everyone with power, and intending for the Constitution to continue through future generations. Article 1 establishes the first of 3 branches of government, the Legislature. Section 1 declares the name of this Legislature to be called the Congress, which is to be split into two parts. Section 2 defines one of these two parts as the House of Representatives. There is a minimum age requirement of 25, the people if chosen are then to serve for only 2 years. The members are divided among the states evenly, based on the size of that state. The leader of the house that is chosen is also known as the Speaker of the House. Section 3 goes into the upper house, the Senate. The minimum age requirement of this branch is 30. Senators will be chosen by the legislature of the individual states and serve for 6 years at a time. Each state has 2 senators, regardless the size of the state. The Vice President is leader of the Senate, and the Vice President does not vote unless a tie occurs. Section 4 says that each state is responsible for creating a method of voting for Congress. Con gress must also meet at least once a year. Section 5 tells us that Congress has a minimum amount of member... Free Essays on Constitution Explained Free Essays on Constitution Explained Constitution of the United States Explained The Constitution was written in the 18th century and was made to replace the current rule of the United States and be the strict guideline of how we are to live and rule. The Constitution is broken up into various different parts consisting of the Preamble which is a basic introduction to the Constitution, Articles, Sections, and Amendments. Under these next few paragraphs I will break down the meaning of the Constitution to the best of my own ability. The Preamble is the beginning introduction to the constitution and explains the purpose of it’s being. It is to reflect how the Framers wanted to have a more perfect government, ensuring the safety of the people, wanting to benefit the people rather than to everyone with power, and intending for the Constitution to continue through future generations. Article 1 establishes the first of 3 branches of government, the Legislature. Section 1 declares the name of this Legislature to be called the Congress, which is to be split into two parts. Section 2 defines one of these two parts as the House of Representatives. There is a minimum age requirement of 25, the people if chosen are then to serve for only 2 years. The members are divided among the states evenly, based on the size of that state. The leader of the house that is chosen is also known as the Speaker of the House. Section 3 goes into the upper house, the Senate. The minimum age requirement of this branch is 30. Senators will be chosen by the legislature of the individual states and serve for 6 years at a time. Each state has 2 senators, regardless the size of the state. The Vice President is leader of the Senate, and the Vice President does not vote unless a tie occurs. Section 4 says that each state is responsible for creating a method of voting for Congress. Con gress must also meet at least once a year. Section 5 tells us that Congress has a minimum amount of member...

Comprehensive Personal Connections to African American Literature Essa

Comprehensive Personal Connections to African American Literature Essa Comprehensive Personal Connections to African American Literature 08/03/2015 ENG/496 University of Phoenix Comprehensive Personal Connections to African American Literature During slavery many people feared their owners and the people that worked for them. Many slaves struggled to just keep hope, but I believe in that African American slaves created a way for themselves to keep hope. One way was by song. One of those The Negro spiritual songs was called "Swing Down, Chariot. This was a song that I grew great interest to know and focus on why slaves at the time wanted to go to heaven so badly. Besides the basic understanding of slavery it made me wonder why there spirit was as crushed when they had other slaves around. I would assume that would help. As a black man I contemplate how they managed to come up with a song of that nature. When reading on the topic I found that there were alternate meanings to the lyrics of the music. Swing low, sweet chariot, (wagons of the Underground Railroad). This meant that when they would escape it would include wagons on a trail. Coming for to carry me home, (free country). This meant that they will try and go north wh ich is where the free country was. Swing low, sweet chariot, coming for to carry me home. I looked over Jordan (Ohio River), which was an alternate name for the river at the time because the plantation on which this song was initially made for was in the south and they wanted to go north towards the Ohio River. Coming for to carry me home, a band of angels coming after me, coming for to carry me home. The piece focuses on the fact that people just wanted to get away from the pain and struggle they were going through. From seventeen hour working days, to bloody feet from little to no footwear. Children being separated from their families at birth and being sold to become slaves to other master. It was an unfortunate time and overall I believe that in the end the song was not just a way to know an escape route, but also a way to come together and vent without getting killed by the slave owners and the overseers. Although it was a powerful song for slaves to have made that encompassed multiple meanings outside of hope, there was great literature as well. A Decade of Reconstruction is one of my favorite pieces in the Literature of Reconstruction to the New Negro Renaissance chapter. With life as many African Americans knew if there life had changed for the better, but it was sad to read that many stayed and worked for the same people that owned them. After great study I found that in that time there were still people who believe that slaves should still remain that. Programs were not put in place for the Former African American slave to succeed. Under new institutions such as sharecropping and the convict-lease system, most African Americans, especially those living in the states of the former confederacy, continued to work on farms, often in service to the same people who had once owned them (The Norton Anthology of African American literature Volume 1, pg.509) The positives is that the thirteenth, fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments were subsequently created to help improve the conditions of the African American community in Americ a. The Thirteenth Amendment (1865) outlawed slavery the Fourteenth Amendment (1868) provided equal protection to African Americans under the law, and the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) granted suffrage to black men. (The Norton Anthology of African American literature Volume 1, pg.509) With the 13th amendment outlawing slavery I feel as if there should have been more thought into actually helping the slaves. Even though I believe that Abraham Lincoln did his best to do as much as he could with the little support he had, simply saying ok now you guys are free, figure it out is not enough. A Decade of Reconstruction was a great read throughout, but it was more literature that caught my mind. The Fourteenth Amendment was passed by Congress in June 1866 and ratified by the states in 1868. The Radical Republicans had been battling with Andrew Johnson for

How To Motivate Your Team To Write Great Content - CoSchedule Blog

How To Motivate Your Team To Write Great Content Blog Its not easy to write killer content over and over again, day after day. It is even more difficult when you arent the one writing, only guiding a team through the process. Step 1: Let your writers write! How do you motivate a team to produce better content? Or sometimes, how do you get them to produce any content at all? Bark, Beg, and Badger Usually, our first inclination is our worst. Hopefully we get better as we guide our team over time, but that doesnt stop us from badgering our writers a bit too much in the beginning.  We send reminder emails.  Sarcastic hints. Eye rolls. Yelling that tanks morale and friendships. These arent all that motivating, or successful. They rarely lead to long-term improvements. There is a better way. Ownership One of my go-to management theories for nearly everything has been the principal of ownership. When writers feel a sense of ownership on a project, they become more willing to do amazing things. They work late, they put in the extra time, and most importantly they take pride in what they do because they arent just doing it for you. They are doing it for themselves. Giving your writing team ownership in what they do gives their words power.This is powerful motivation, but it doesnt happen by accident. How do we motivate our teams? How do we give them a sense of ownership? 1. Let Them In Too many editors assume that their writers cannot be trusted. This is insulting, and makes grown adults feel like a child. Great editors move beyond this, and trust their writers first by letting them in on what we are doing. If they simply cant be trusted, then they probably shouldnt be on your team (and that is a different problem entirely).  This means that you should make them a part of your big decisions. Their opinion needs to count. It also means that your job is not to lord over them. Rather, your job is to delegate big goals, and then get out of the details and out of their way. 2. Let Them Be Them Most editors were writers first, and that makes it easy for them to meddle and place too much control over what their writers do and how they do it. Dont micro manage. Trust your writers, and let them develop their own spin, their own voice, and their own style. Of course, this doesnt mean that you withhold all restraints. Boundaries are good and necessary. Just dont be over zealous in your control, and recognize that your tendency is to go at least one step too far. 3. Create a Creative Environment When we over-extend ourselves as managers, we turn a creative process into a robotic one. We create   templates, guidelines, and standards that suck creativity out of the room. We believe that our limitations bring quality, but if they are over the top, they can do the exact opposite. Creativity is a powerful tool. We have to recognize  that our writers are creative people, and give them the opportunity to embrace it. This means that we need to be willing to let them try something new, let them explore, let them fail, and let them succeed all on their own.

Informational interview report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Informational interview report - Research Paper Example This situation would require employees to have outstanding communication ability and flexibility during work. For this reason, I am convinced that a restaurant’s general manager has much to offer. One can learn much about customer service in terms of dealing with different situations. Second, unlike hotels which have multiple departments such as housekeeping, food and beverage, front desk etc., restaurants only focus on serving customers best food experience. Restaurants do not have to think about how to keep customers loyal to their rooms, but only need to make sure the money customers spend on a meal match the value and experience. Therefore, this specialized field can provide one with a closer view of customer service. Third, since I had experience of interning at food and beverage department at a hotel, I want to learn more about this area. During my internship, I earned basic experience of serving, communicating, dealing with customers, and I also saw how my manager and s upervisor manage the whole team. So I think by interviewing a general manager of a more successful restaurant in America, I could add to my knowledge on how to manage a team directly from the manager. Lastly, my family has been involved in customer service business for about 15 years; therefore, customer service runs in the family informing my interest in the business coupled with a desire to learn more of management within this field. As Mr. Zaslavsky mentioned during the interview, he not only manages the teams, but has also to check with customers and staff on a daily basis. I think communication and managing are both my strengths, so a general manager’s position in my preferred profession would provide me with a good learning chance. Industry Introduction Restaurant industry The restaurant industry is part of the wider hospitality industry though it has the largest flow of customers as they basically walk in and out during meal times. The basic undertaking of a restaurant is to prepare and serve food and drinks to individuals who come in for these services. In most cases, meal taking is an in-house affair though there are cases where the same can be taken out or some establishments can offer food delivery services. The industry is quite fragmented with perhaps the only commonality being menus and the general set ups. However, even these can be differentiated to build a unique identity which helps in retaining and attracting customers. There is also a question of services and food; though there are definite meals offered in different restaurants some restaurants also result to foreign or exotic meals to widen their reach. Such offerings and the growth of restaurant based live television shows has upped competition and the industry is perhaps most competitive at present than it has ever been. DC restaurant industry The DC restaurant industry is one of the most mature of the restaurant industry across the United States. Being a metropolitan district th e diversity of people and the need to develop a niche has informed creativity and organization levels not witnessed in many regions within the industry. The fact that DC has a blanket organization, Restaurant Association Metropolitan Washington, which looks after the affairs of the restaurant operators and owners, also suggests the maturity of the industry in this part of the country.

Management of change (personal experience) Essay

Management of change (personal experience) - Essay Example Since it is nearly impossible to move from smoking twelve cigarettes a day to zero, the plan entailed a gradual reduction in the number of cigarettes from twelve to zero over time rather than a complete stop at once. I projected that stopping at once would not help as the temptation to smoke would be overwhelming (Schein, 2002). It was better to reduce the amount by two to three cigarettes in phases till I quit completely. The first phase involved the reduction from twelve to ten by October 21st 2014. This was successful though it was challenging. I kept reasoning that there was no big difference between ten and twelve. However, by sticking to the plan and focusing on the final goal, I succeeded to limit the number to ten. After achieving the objective of the first phase, I managed to reduce the number from ten to seven. However, this has been met with resistance and the body feeling deprived. It has been a challenge to move from this stage to the next. The strategy to keep the smoking sessions as far as possible has the effect of generating stress in the body (Schein, 2002). Fortunately, I have managed to plant the desire in the body system to get rid of smoking. The body is able to keep up with the chronology of change since the desired change is acceptable to the body system to maintain health. Thirdly, I have reduced the number of convenient places for smoking. For instance, I have kept cigarettes away from my car. It has helped to reduce smoking time as most of the smoking occurs when I am driving alone. I have also increased the time I spend at home with the family because the children prevent my smoking. By 18th November, it is my hope and desire that I revive serious participation in a sport of my choice. I have identified soccer as the sport as I am skilled at it and enjoy playing it a lot. By starting to play soccer again, I hope to reduce and

MBA Operation Management Problemsolving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MBA Operation Management Problemsolving - Essay Example b) The lower capital intensity of the mentioned type of firms is explained by the stability of working processes when serving a focus customer. Crews do not need retraining because they do the same thing, for the same customer, all of the time. The machinery factor is also to be regarded: for example, the folding and gluing machine at Focus Packaging handles only one size box, so it never has to be reset. The press stops only to install a new roll of the thin cardboard on which it prints [12]. a) The necessity of the firms with a product focus to plan production and inventory levels further into the future is explained by the vitality of the production plan and inventories for successful supply chain management. It is necessary to plan thoroughly the production basing on the demand forecasts and according to this to make up the corresponding inventories. For the firms with focused production it is especially essential, because their performance depends on demands of particular customers, or one major customer [12]. b) All the above mentioned relates also to the necessity to have more formalized supplier relationships. ... b) All the above mentioned relates also to the necessity to have more formalized supplier relationships. In order for the firm to secure the manufactured product's future sale it is essential to develop clear terms of supplier/customer relationship and validate it formally. c) The low level of inventory accumulation at the work-in-process stage is explained by the simplified scheme of supply chain affording to avoid the overloading of the warehouses by unsold goods (the firm knows more or less precisely what number of goods it should produce). Describe four multi-plant location strategies The four principal location approaches are as follows: Land Use - optimal agricultural land uses based on transport costs to market; optimal distances of residential and commercial land uses from CBD; Industrial Location / Production Orientation - transport-cost minimizing location, profit maximization, optimal combination of inputs & optimal level of production at optimal location (allowing for scale economies and substitutability at any one level of production); Central Places / Market Areas - optimal market areas choosing; Spatial Competition - optimal response in the face of locational competition [11]. Why Colgate Palmolive, and not Campbell Soup be concerned about NAFTA The North American Free Trade Agreement, known usually as NAFTA, is a free trade agreement among Canada, the United States, and Mexico [7]. Colgate-Palmolive Company (NYSE: CL) is a multinational corporation in the business of the provision of products such as soaps, detergents, and oral hygiene products such as toothpaste and toothbrushes. Under its "Hill's" brand, it is also a manufacturer of veterinary products [3]. Campbell Soup Company

Relationship between the physical body and the technology Essay

Relationship between the physical body and the technology - Essay Example Relationship between the physical body and the technology â€Å"The nineteenth century demanded the functional specialization of man and his work; this specialization makes one individual incomparable to another †¦, however, this specialization makes each man the more directly dependent upon the supplementary activities of all others† (Simmel, 1903). Surveillance strategies were enacted to negotiate pay or to track wages. This dictated the impersonal ordering of the clock, engendering feelings of alienation as the individual perceived themselves different from, yet the same as, their co-workers, yet had no room to explore this difference. Explorations into this mechanized realm produced the phantasmagorical, characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtapositions. Through this imagery of the Dada, Surrealism and Letterism movements, the Situationists Movement arose, providing â€Å"their critique of modern culture, their celebration of creativity, and their stress on the immediate transformation of everyday life† (Marshall, 2000). ‘Everyday’ life, they maintain, deadens the mind into numb acceptance, while exploration of the surreal awakens subjectivity. This led to the concept of psychogeography as part of the system of unitary urbanism or â€Å"the study of specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behavior of individuals† (Situationnise Internationale, 1958).

The Negative Prospects of the Technological Advancements Essay

The Negative Prospects of the Technological Advancements - Essay Example The robotics will have their own mind, make their own judgments and thus eradicate the human race. From this title, it can easily be predicted that there is no future for the human race. Bill Joy debates the negative prospects of the technological advancements in nanotechnology, genetics development and the use of robots. The computers processing speeds exponentially growing in recent years and the development of novel inventions will supersede the speed of growth. The gigantic computing power might make the intellectual fictitious robot possible. Human beings and the robots will merge in an attempt to complete the industrial tasks. These changes might even lead to human replacements in these industrial tasks. These hazards also occur in nanotechnology and genetics scopes of life. The establishment of nanotechnology made possible development of electronics of molecular nanoscale. This technology will grow greatly in the subsequent two decades. Joy said that it is by far easy to make negative applications for nanotechnology as opposed to the more functional ones. He further articulated that, if we do not put the ethical issues of nanotechnology in mind, there is a high danger of destroying the earth’s biosphere that we all depend for survival. The development of genetic technology presently brought us numerous ethical issues. Bill Joy supposed that the general community is conscious of, and nervous about, genetically customized groceries, and appears to be declining the concept that such edibles should be allowed to be unlabeled. Bill’s apprehension was that genetic technology might give the authority to bad personality and aid them to perform disparaging act with an example being the White Plague. The price of employing GNR technologies to perform negative acts is being less than the NBC period is what Bill worries. While creating weaponry of mass destruction with NBC technology requires rare novel unprocessed materials and largely protected data with large-scale actions, the GNR technologies are abused easily. According to him, they will not need vast facilities or novel unprocessed materials but the knowledge is what will enhance their usage. This is knowledge provokes the human thought. Undeniably, the advancement of GNR technologies will alter our existence to a large degree. The development of genetic technology will treat today’s incurable diseases Nanotechnology will provide enormous industrial materials to be used in production of electronics. Humans will be freed from their places of work with the deployment of robotics to substitute human labor. This is a remarkable negative effect because human labor will be brought to extinction. Human labor is what most people depend on to make or earn their living as it provides employment. Some of Bills debates are not on point because there is uncertainty whether the expectations of the future are pessimistic without the power to manipulate the development of GNR techn ologies. I do not suppose that there is abuse of GNR technologies just by being knowledge about it. A number of Bill Joy’s justifications of disagreement are sufficient. In addition, I doubt whether the future is that pessimistic if we do not manage the development of GNR technologies. Just as we require tools to develop mass destructive arsenal with NBC machinery, we also require equivalent tools for application of GNR awareness. High precision machinery is required to implement genetic and nano-technological advancements. I am in doubt of the future being so pessimistic with no ethics care in such fields. Bill Joy depicts that people may combine with robots hence development of new Borg similar species. We ask ourselves if this is the destiny of human evolution (Winston & Edelbach, 156).

Relationship between the physical body and the technology Essay

Relationship between the physical body and the technology - Essay Example Relationship between the physical body and the technology â€Å"The nineteenth century demanded the functional specialization of man and his work; this specialization makes one individual incomparable to another †¦, however, this specialization makes each man the more directly dependent upon the supplementary activities of all others† (Simmel, 1903). Surveillance strategies were enacted to negotiate pay or to track wages. This dictated the impersonal ordering of the clock, engendering feelings of alienation as the individual perceived themselves different from, yet the same as, their co-workers, yet had no room to explore this difference. Explorations into this mechanized realm produced the phantasmagorical, characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtapositions. Through this imagery of the Dada, Surrealism and Letterism movements, the Situationists Movement arose, providing â€Å"their critique of modern culture, their celebration of creativity, and their stress on the immediate transformation of everyday life† (Marshall, 2000). ‘Everyday’ life, they maintain, deadens the mind into numb acceptance, while exploration of the surreal awakens subjectivity. This led to the concept of psychogeography as part of the system of unitary urbanism or â€Å"the study of specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behavior of individuals† (Situationnise Internationale, 1958).

BIOTECHNOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BIOTECHNOLOGY - Essay Example In females, angiogenesis also occurs during the monthly reproductive cycle (to rebuild the uterus lining, to mature the egg during ovulation) and during pregnancy (to build the placenta, the circulation between mother and fetus).† Angiogenesis is considered to be a form of tissue engineering since it meets the definition when it is used either synthetically or naturally to repair damage. That definition is, â€Å"Tissue engineering uses synthetic or naturally derived, engineered biomaterials to replace damaged or defective tissues, such as bone, skin, and even organs† (ATP, 2005). Diseases could be treated by turning angiogenesis â€Å"on† in the case of a severe injury or in the case of coronary artery disease. Disease could be treated by turning angiogenesis â€Å"off† in the case of cancer or diabetic blindness (The Angiogenesis Foundation, 2008). b. Compare necrosis and apoptosis. Describe how we could we take advantage of apoptosis in the treatment of disease? What would be the advantage(s) compared to traditional approached? Hint: Think cancer, hepatitis, etc. According to MedicineNet (2008, pg. 1), necrosis is â€Å"The death of living cells or tissues. Necrosis can be due, for example, to ischemia (lack of blood flow).† According to CancerTherapy.net, â€Å"the P53 gene causes the abnormal cells to commit suicide.   This is called aptosis.† The main difference between these two is that necrosis is not planned and that aptosis is programmed by the body. Aptosis is a necessary part of human life and is not a bad thing, whereas necrosis is very negative. Both occur naturally, but may be influenced by external factors. Aptosis may be used to treat diseases such as cancer or hepatitis since it is programmed cell death. It could kill off the diseased and bad cells without harming the good cells. Cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the body begin to grow out of control. It is caused by DNA damage. There are many

Break-Even Point of Industry Essay Example for Free

Break-Even Point of Industry Essay 1. Airbus’ Interests Objectives First of all, the large and cost-efficient A3XX would be popular with significant growth in the air transportation industry. Worldwide passenger traffic would almost triple in volume by 2019, with fuel price rising in the future. Creating large and cost-efficient aircrafts, rather than increasing frequencies and building new routes, would be the long-term solutions to the problem of growing demand. Therefore, this project will be strategically significant. Secondly, Airbus wants to gain market shares in the VLA market and break up the monopoly of the 747, but it didn’t have a product to compete with Boeing’s 747. Compared to the 747, the A3XX provides more advantageous features which would attract passengers especially on the longer routes, such as more space per seat, four-engine plane, etc. The combination of increased capacity and reduced costs would provide superior economics. Airbus felt confident that capacity increases would eventually prevail. As we stated above, Airbus’s objectives are to break up the monopoly of the 747, to increase its market share in the VLA market, to gain enormous financial success and to be an industry leader. 2. Break-Even Point Market Demand Production will be able to reach full capacity from 2008, with order and delivery assumed on a stable level. During this period, the capital expenditure will be offset by depreciation in calculation of free cash flow, and RD will be included in the operating margin. The company, as assumed, will produce and deliver 22 aircrafts for the airlines which have ordered, with 6 in 2006 and 16 in 2007. Since $700 million would have already been spent before the decision, this amount of investment should be treated as sunk cost, therefore irrelevant to the NPV analysis. To break even, with assumed operating margin of 18%, Airbus should produce and sell about 40 VLAs every year since 2008, or 495 in total before 2019. Taking the estimated margin from Lehman Brothers and CS First Boston into consideration, total orders needed for break-even can range from 306 to 509 in 20 years. From the view of Airbus, the market demand for VLA, 1550 in years, is large enough to take this project. And it is pretty safe to launch the development since, even with lowest estimated margin, 38% of total market share will guarantee a break-even. However, Boeing gives a totally different perspective and a much lower forecast on potential market demand. Under this estimation, A3XX development will have little chance to make a profit. Airbus should take at least half a market on VLA to make that project fruitful. 3. Boeing’s Response Based on the analysis before, the VLA market is so promising that Airbus is very likely to launch the A3XX. Facing with this threat, the most important move for Boeing is to prevent Airbus from dominating the VLA market. Therefore, Boeing can cut the price of existing 747 product lines and produce 747 stretch as response to Airbus. Producing 747 stretch which may contain 550+ passengers wont be too costly for Boeing since is a modification over the current model, and that can powerfully compete with A3XX in the VLA market. Before the stretch version is market available, Boeing can offer a price cutting of the existing 747 which can not only divert sales away from A3XX, but also make A3XX project less attractive. Other alternatives might not fit. Firstly, fighting the A3XX on legal grounds (improper subsidies) will probably induce the revenge complain from Airbus, making Boeing itself to pay a large penalty. Secondly, to develop its own super jumbo jet is costly and maybe not profitable. What’s worse, in 1997 Boeing faced the first loss in more than 50 years, it’s better for Boeing to have a prudent stable strategy than an aggressive investing. 4. The Threshold To Launch We think Airbus should commit to build A3XX. The Annual Sales and Orders as of 1999 show that Airbus currently faces a disadvantage in competition with Boeing on almost every size of passenger aircraft. Worse is that, while Boeing pockets the market for VLA, Airbus even has no product to compete. Breaking the monopoly on this market becomes critical for Airbus, which is aiming to lead the industry. Strategic significance of A3XX makes this project worth an effort. Compared with the situation when Boeing launched its 747 development with 25 initial orders, the current 22 orders, with other 34 probable, is not a negative sign to commit the project. However, there would also be great risk in the new aircraft development. The possible poor market demand will make the project unprofitable. More important is that new A3XX should be sold quickly in early years to exploit learning curve effect on manufactory and seize market before Boeing reacts.

The impact of professional nursing education in quality of care

The impact of professional nursing education in quality of care INTRODUCTION: In the most basic sense, the current global nursing shortage is simply a widespread and dangerous lack of professional and skilled nurses who are needed to care for individual patients and the population as a whole. These causes include nurse short-staffing, inadequate resources for nursing research and education, the increasing complexity of health care and care technology, and the rapidly aging populations in developed nations. Because studies have shown that an inadequate quantity of professional nurses in clinical settings has a significant negative impact on patient outcomes, including mortality, the nursing shortage is literally taking lives, and impairing the health and wellbeing of many millions of the worlds people. It is a global public health crisis (ICN, 2004). There is a predicted shortfall of qualified nursing staff in both low and high-income countries. The growing shortage of health care workers has become an international challenge (Sorgaard, 2010). The authors believe that Saudi Arabia is not exempted to the current global nursing shortage due to lack of professional nurses. To understand the Saudi shortage in nurses, one has to understand the Saudi dependence on foreign nurses. Saudi education system has only focused on high paid, prosperous, and prestigious jobs like doctors, engineers, and lawyers and left basic yet complementary job as nursing way behind. This lack of attention to necessary and complementary jobs, has led the Saudi education system in creating less than 20 percent of the nursing staff working in Saudi today, which in return led into todays significant shortage in qualified and competent Saudi nurses and to high rate of foreign nurses (Aldossary, 2008). While the institute program in Saudi Arabia consists of nursing studies for three years and results in a diploma in nursing. The program prepares nurses to assume roles as technical nurses, considered by some to equate with that of a practical nurse in the Un ited States (Tumulty, 2001). In the United States, there are registered nurses (RNs) or Professional Nurses and practical nurses (PNs) or LVN (Licensed Vocational Nurse) / LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse), CNA(Certified Nurse Assistant) also called vocational nurses (VNs), or Practical Nurses. While registered nurses are able to perform certain duties or provide treatments that practical nurses cannot, such as administering blood, this is not what primarily sets them apart. The most notable difference is in the education they receive. As far as the scope of practice is concerned, each state has a separate nursing board which governs what nurses are legally able to do (Ellis Hartley, 2004). In the hospital setting, professional /registered nurses are often assigned a role to delegate tasks performed by LPNs and non-professional unlicensed assistive personnel such as nursing assistants (Ellis Hartley, 2004). Skilled nursing of a professional nurse is vital to the patient outcome (Gordon, 2005). But due to economic crisis and poverty, significant work must be done to have more professional nurses. Graduates, due to poverty and worldwide economic crisis prefer to have non-professional program to quickly acquire work due to the short courses offered in non-professional programs. (Turale, 2010). Therefore, the authors believe that whether a nurse is a professional or practical, all nurses must remember as what has been stated in nurses pledge by Florence Nightingale: I solemnly pledge myself before God and in the presence of this assembly to pass my life in purity and to practice my profession faithfully. I will do all in my power to maintain and elevate the standard of my profession and will hold in confidence all personal matters committed to my keeping and all family affairs coming to my knowledge in the practice of my calling (American Nurses Association, 2010). II. BACKGROUND: The following different levels of Nursing Education gives us the background on the difference between a professional and vocational nurses: Nursing Assistants are defined by law as people who assist licensed nursing personnel in the provision of nursing care. The authorized duties for CNA or Certified Nursing Assistant include assisting with their clients daily living activities, such as bathing, dressing, transferring, ambulating, feeding, and toileting. CNAs also perform tasks such as measuring vital signs, positioning and range of motion. Their duties are limited to tasks commissary by the registered or licensed practical nurse in acute-care field. Their tasks such as vital signs, , assessing patients well-being, administering hygienic care, assisting with feeding, giving basic psychosocial care, and similar duties. Diploma degree are hospital based educational programs that provide a rich clinical experience for nursing students. These programs are often associated with colleges or universities. Baccalaureate degree programs located in senior colleges and universities and are generally four years in length. Masters p rograms provide specialized knowledge and skills that enable nurses to assume advanced roles in practice, education, administration, and research(NWJobs, 2010). The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) is an advanced-level practice degree that focuses on the clinical aspects of nursing rather than academic research. The curriculum for the DNP degree generally includes advanced practice, leadership, and application of clinical research. The DNP is intended primarily to prepare registered nurses to become advanced practice nurses. Advanced practice roles in nursing include the nurse practitioner (NP), certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA), certified nurse midwife (CNM), and the clinical nurse specialist (CNS). Nurse anesthetist programs may use the title Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP) for their terminal degree (Dracup, 2005). According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), transitioning advance practice nursing programs from the graduate level to the doctoral level is a response to changes in health care delivery and emerging health care needs, additional knowledge or content areas have been identified by practicing nurses. In addition, the knowledge required to provide leadership in the discipline of nursing is so complex and rapidly changing that additional or doctoral level education is needed (Dracup, 2005). At the moment only fewer Saudi nurses had bachelor of science, masters or doctoral degree, but the government start to increase and expand. A lot of nursing continue lead degree will be graduated within few years to assume leadership position in the health field. The kingdom has a great need for well educated Saudi nurses (Tumulty, 2001). However, in recent years, questions have been raised about whether nursing is a profession or an occupation. This is important for nurses to consider for several reasons, starting from differentiating the terms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ºprofession and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ºoccupation, professional and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ºvocational nurse. An occupation is a job or a career, whereas a profession is a learned occupation that has a status of superiority and precedence within a division of work. In general terms, occupations require widely varying levels of training or education, varying levels of skill, and widely variable defined knowledge bases. Indeed, all professions are occupations, but not all occupation is profession (McEwen ,2007). Therefore based on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ºnursing as an occupation, a professional nurse is a healthcare professional who, in collaboration with other member of a healthcare team, is responsible for treatment, safety and recovery of acute or chronically ill individuals; health promotion, and maintenance within families, communities and population; and treatment of life-threatening emergencies in a wide range of healthcare settings (Craven, 2009). Current shortfall in workforce and educational: The number of nurses currently in the workforce based on their educational preparation: those with undergraduate education (diploma, associate, baccalaureate degrees) and those with graduate education (masters and doctoral degrees) (Health Resources and Services Administration. Much higher number of nurses prepared at the diploma/associate degree level compared to all other categories and the relatively small number of nurses prepared with graduate degrees. The limited number of nurses prepared with graduate degrees presents a significant problem for educating future nurses and furthering effective nursing practice; masters-prepared clinicians are needed to teach and provide primary care, and doctoral faculty are needed to teach and conduct research. Without an adequate number of nurses prepared at the graduate level, we will be unable to educate enough nurses to meet the demands for care at all levels in the near future. Experts predict we will experience a nurse shortage of anywher e from 340,000 to more than 1 million by 2020; shortages will occur in hospitals, in nursing homes, in home health care, and community health centers (HRSA, 2010). Nurse shortage projections are based on the increase in anticipated demand for health care demands that are projected to increase dramatically due to our aging population and higher numbers of insured patients with access to care as a result of a reformed health care system (Wharton School, 2009). The percentage of the population 65 years or older steadily increases as the baby boomer generation approaches age 65; by 2030, 20% of the population will be above the age of 65, almost doubling the current rate of 12% (Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2008). Simultaneously, the demand for health services will increase as previously uninsured people gain access to health care insurance. Massachusetts, which recently increased the percentage of the insured population to 90%, has experienced significant primary care shortages (Cooney, 2008). As the population ages and health care resources become more strained, the focus and location of care delivery will need to change from acute care provided in hospitals to primary care, which includes disease management, care coordination, and prevention of disease delivered in community settings, in clinics, ambulatory care centers, and in the patients home. In the future, we will need many more advanced practice nurses (nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and clinical specialists) to assume a greater responsibility for the delivery of health care IOM, 2008). Need for Education in nursing, Masters, Baccalaureate, and Doctoral: To design strategies that lead to an adequate nurse workforce, we first need to examine how nurses enter the workforce. The nursing profession is unique in its complicated mix of educational models, which is not only confusing to the public, legislators, nurses, and potential nursing students but also contributes to a lack of professional unity and professional recognition. As a result, nurses are fragmented in their interests and do not have the political clout of other professions when advocating for patients or better working conditions. The recognition of the need for baccalaureate nurse education is not new. In 1920, the Goldmark Report, funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, proposed educating nurses in academic institutions along with other professionals, arguing that this would more adequately prepare nurses to meet the needs of society and improve the status of the nursing profession (Ellis Hartley, 2004). At that time, nurses were being educated in hospital-based diploma schools that continued to be the major provider of nursing education until associate degree programs began in the 1950s. Associate degree nursing education was proposed as a solution to a severe nursing shortage (Fondiller, 2001). In 2004, the American Organization of Nurse Executives (2004) argued for baccalaureate-level educational preparation for all future nurses. Furthermore, the baccalaureate degree was needed for nurses to function as an equal partner in patient care. Most recently, the Carnegie Foundation report, Educating Nurses: A Ca ll for Radical Transformation, called for significant changes in nursing education with the establishment of the baccalaureate degree for entry into professional nursing practice being a necessary first step. The report falls short however in recommending more of the same, by calling for the creation of a more seamless transition from ADN to BSN programs (Benner, Sutphen, Leonard, Day, 2010). A large amount of empirical evidence exists to support a difference in performance and patient outcomes (Aiken, Clarke, Sloane, Silber, 2003; Estabrooks, Midodzi, Cummings, Ricker, Giovannetti, 2005; Kutney-Lee Aiken, 2008). In 1988, Johnson published a meta-analysis of 139 studies exploring the differences in associate and baccalaureate performance. These studies revealed significant differences between associated degree in nursing (ADN) and bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) nurses, with baccalaureate-prepared nurses demonstrating greater professional performance in the areas of communications skills, knowledge, problem solving, and professional role. In 2001, Goode and colleagues surveyed 80 chief nursing officers from academic medical centers to determine their perception of differences in nurse performance based on education level. Respondents reported that baccalaureate-prepared nurses demonstrate greater communication, coordination, and leadership skills; more professiona l behavior; and a greater focus on patient psychosocial care and patient teaching than associate-prepared nurses (Goode et al., 2001). Although estimates vary on the need for more health care providers in the future, there is agreement that a shortage of primary care providers currently exists in rural and other underserved areas (Kirch Vernon, 2008) and severe future shortages predicted in community health centers (National Association of Community Health Centers, Robert Graham Center, The George Washington University, 2008) and in the countrys more than 6,080 designated primary care shortage areas in the United States (HRSA, 2006). A major contributing factor to the current and future nurse shortage is the lack of nursing faculty available to educate nurses. The student demand for nursing education is currently at an all-time high, but a faculty shortage has created a severe bottleneck in nurse education, leaving nursing schools unable to meet the demands for education. An estimated 50,000 qualified applicants were turned away from baccalaureate nursing programs in 2008, primarily due to faculty shortages. Of the 84% of U.S. nursing schools in 2006-2007 attempting to hire new faculty, 79% reported difficultly in recruitment due to a lack of qualified candidates and the inability to offer competitive salaries (AACN, 2010). In their 2007 annual survey of colleges of nursing, the National League for Nursing (NLN) reported 1,900 unfilled faculty positions nationwide, an increase of 23% from the previous year in the number of full-time faculty vacancies and a disturbing trend in the shortage cycle (Kaufman, 2007). A n estimated 25,100 nurses have doctoral degrees, and their numbers are not increasing at the rate needed to meet demand. From 2003 through 2008, the number of nursing PhD graduates increased on average by about 31 new graduates each year. Disappointingly, enrollment in PhD nursing programs increased by only 0.1% or 3 students from the fall of 2007 to the fall of 2008 with the total doctoral student population in 2008 reaching 3,976 (AACN, 2010). Although academic education and professional qualification are but one aspect of clinical competence (the others being clinical skills and professionals attitudes), the change of nurse teaching from work-based apprenticeship to academic education and the parallel development of increasingly specialized nursing roles [58,59]) contribute to an alteration of what is considered to be necessary qualifications among nursing staff. This may cause additional strain on the substantial proportion of clinically oriented staff who lack formal (nursing) qualifications. We believe the importance of the present study lies in the focus it has on working conditions of sub professionals in acute psychiatry. As we have argued above, there is an increasing and probably worldwide lack of nursing staff in the health services and increased use of health care assistants is reported e.g.[30]. Although the evidence on a general level suggests that more use of less qualified staff will not be effective in all situations [60], due to what is said above it is increasingly important to recruit, retain and qualify also sub professionals, and a condition for this is the quality of their working environments. The important sourses of professional direction: Nursing Social policy statement (ANA), is an important document it describes the profession of nursing and its professional framework and tasks to society, the second nursing scope and standards of practice is also important has been developed by the (ANA), nursing standards which are authoritative by the profession by the profession wich the quality of practiced, service, or education can be evaluated quality patient care. The third code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements, this code is alist of provisions that makes explicit the primary goals, Values .fourth state boards of nursing one of the important sources of professional direction . A professional nurse is accountable for embracing professional values, maintaining professional values, maintaining competence, and maintenance and improvement of professional practice environments, also nurses is accountable for the outcomes of the nursing care. Increasd knowledge of germs and diseases, and increasd training of doctors, nurses needed to understand basic anatomy, parhophysiology, physiology, and epidemiology to provide better care. To carry out adoctors orders, and must have some degree of understanding of cause and effect of environment . Quality of Care: The quality of care can be more precisely described as seeking to achieve excellent standards of care. It includes assessing the appropriateness of medical tests and treatments and measures to improve personal health care consistently in all areas of medicine. Nurses professional socialization is recognized as an essential process of learning skills, attitudes and behaviors necessary to fulfill professional roles are also involved in evaluating and modifying the overall quality of care given to groups of clients. One of the essential parts of professional responsibility, nurses and all other health care providers work together as an interdisciplinary team concentrate on improving client care (Kozier, 2008). A divergence between demand and supply that is evidenced in insufficient nurse staffing with significant implications for patient quality is what Nursing profession faces continuously. Many believe this shortage of registered nurses is entrenched in long-standing problems related to the value and image of nursing and the limited role nursing has had in identifying priorities within health care delivery systems (AACN, 2010). Many institute graduates are relegated to functioning at a level barely above a nurse aide. Thus, the already scarce Saudi nurses are disadvantaged and underutilized. Saudi Arabia is increasing its proportion of indigenous nurses who will be able to deliver culturally appropriate high quality care (Aldossary, 2008). The author predicted shortfall of qualified nursing staff in both low and high-income countries. Restructured health care systems and social values has made lack of nursing personnel which concern for health care administrators, politicians and the nursing professions. The shortage in health care workers growing and has become an international challenge (Sorgaard,2010). One of the central professional self regulation is the ability to maintain and control a professional register. To this end self regulating professions, like nursing, have been responsible for controlling their register which is done through the setting of the standards to be achieved before entry is possible . In addition, the professions also have responsibility for the removal of practitioners who are considered unfit to practise (Unsworth, 2010). Outlines how quality of nursing care and good character are fundamental to practise as a nurse or midwife and how the overriding concern relates to safe practise and protection of the public. As such, good health is not to be interpreted as the absence of a particular condition or disease but rather that the individual is capable of safe and effective practise without supervision. The guidance also defines good character as relating to the persons conduct, behavior and attitude, as well as any convictions or cautions that are not considered compatible with professional registration and that might bring the profession into disrepute. (CHRE (2009) have recently reviewed the quality of care requirements of the all of the health profession regulators and they have recommended that the term good in relation quality of care should be amended within the legislation to ensure that this is not used by other bodies as a bar to entry into the professions. CHRE reaffirm the view held by the regu lators that considerations about health are restricted to whether the individuals health, with any necessary reasonable adjustments, would impair their fitness to practise. The notion of good character is based upon the requirement under the Code of Professional Conduct (NMC, 2008c) for nurses and midwives to be honest and trustworthy. For an individual to satisfy the good quality of nursing care character requirements, they must be capable of safe and effective practise without supervision. This is, therefore, the threshold set by the regulator for any action which may be taken against an individual student in terms of their conduct. If the students attitude, behavior, conduct (including convictions) or quality of care calls into question their ability to satisfy the requirements of the quality of care and good character then action may be required to investigate the allegations and to make a determination about whether the nurses would be capable of safe and effective practise wit hout supervision at some future point. The notion of good character has also been open to criticism not least because of difficulties in defining how a good character is measured (Sellman, 2007) and because the concept of being of good character is not transferable to potential registrants from within the European Union (CHRE, 2008a,b). The Nursing and Midwifery Council ( NMC) have produced a definition of impaired fitness to practise which relates to the suitability of the individual to remain on the professional register without restriction, if at all (NMC, 2004). Aim / Objective: To show the impact of professional nurses and nursing education that affect the quality of care for the patients. IV. Method: Literature review is considered a baseline tool that precedes the actual qualitative or quantitative research. In order to have a research, the researcher needs to read the related articles that have researched the topic. Data base research: Inclusive criteria: nursing articles, articles published after 2000, English language studies, primary sources Exclusion criteria: articles published before 2000, secondary sources Pubmed: Mesh terms: Professional, and Non-Professional Nurses, Occupation, Profession, Quality of Care Number of hits: The first hits 43. 17 abstracts were read and 17 articles were chosen. The second hits 273. 23 abstract were read and 26 articles were chosen. Total search publication articles were chosen and read completely is (43) that will be used by the author in literature review.19 of the chosen articles the authors will use in the results. V. Research Ethics: The authors should consider the research ethics in all processes and follow the Codes and Policies of research ethics including; Honesty in all scientific communications, report data, results, methods, procedures, and also the publication status. Competency, to maintain and improve our own professional competence through lifelong education and learning. Objectivity, disclose personal interests that may affect research. Respect for intellectual property, no plagiarism done by the authors (Resnik, 2010). The authors foundation from the article was clear and the researchers displayed respect for human dignity. The author did the job for searching by honest and professional way, without hidden or disappear any good or truth result (Polit Beck, 2008). VI. Relevance: The author conveyed the information through this research to increase awareness for the staff nurses about knowing the impact of professional nurses and the levels of nursing education in the quality of care for the patients. Level of nursing education acquired by a nurse has significant implications for patients quality of care and safety.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - Marriage in The Wife of Baths Pro

Marriage in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale The disparity in the outcomes of the hag's marriage and Alison's marriages in Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale" depends in part on the women's differing expectations of their husbands. The hag's modus agendi depends on a knight's obligation to honour his pledge, whereas Alison's modus operandi depends on her husbands' conduct after marriage, i.e. on her circumstances. Having saved the knight's life, the hag asks the knight to permit her to be his wife. Moreover, she wants to be his love. The knight must marry, since marrying the hag lies within his might. Since the hag's definition of being his wife includes her loving him, he is duty-bound to tolerate the hag's love. Her love for him requires he show compassion to her. Perforce of her line of reasoning of the advantages of being married to her, he accepts her sovereignty to have her will. The chains of her enchantment broken, the hag turns beautiful in the knight's eyes. He falls in love with her, and she rea lizes the right to rule in he...

full metal jacket Essay -- essays research papers fc

Full Metal Jacket and Platoon are clearly two of the biggest movies ever made about the Vietnam War; therefore, they will always be compared and contrasted to each other. Platoon was based on Oliver Stone’s own experience so he used simple war movie techniques to give a realistic sense of what jungle warfare was like. Kubrick’s Full Metal Jacket was based on Gustav Hasford’s experience, but Kubrick wanted to use the story to explore what made people into killers. These two films take very different approaches and if we are to compare them it should be in the capacity to understand what war means to the average person. Both of the films are very detailed in depicting what actual warfare is like; however, Platoon gives a great sense of the environment: miserably hot, extremely intense, disease filled, and a very scary environment no one would readily want to visit. Full Metal Jacket explores this too, but focuses a lot attention on the process and training involved in preparing for war. These two films are a lot alike in two aspects: they both view the war pretty much through the eyes of one soldier and they both seriously glorify war and make it appear very glamorous. Both have strong male leads who it appears live in a strange masculine realm where everyday rules do not necessarily apply to everyday people. This concept is always appealing to males because even if they were never in combat they feel as if they have â€Å"experienced† it. Both ...

Personal Sacrifices for Career Success Essay

I) Introduction We are studying at Vietnam Commercial University and in the future, we will receive a bachelor’s degree of economy. With this degree, maybe someone would like to find the suitable work and try to be successful in this work. There is a question that â€Å" what is the success?†. Famous? High salary? High position? Or simply, have a job that you like?. Depending on the particular people, who will have different answers. However, everybody knows that the road to success should always be accompanied by sacrifices. If you want to succeed, you need to sacrifice. These sacrifices, we couldn’t describe it in a sentence or so. Therefore, we are here today to discuss thoroughly about â€Å"Personal sacrifices for career success†. II) Development 1) What is career success and personal sacrifices ? First of all, we will learn about the basic concepts of career and personal sacrifices. Most people consider career success to be the chain of small continuous achievements to form a big achievement which has a very important role in one’s career. By taking that big achievement, we are successful in career. In other words, career success is taking and confirmed the chain of important achievements which is related to the action, life, career or valuable idea. Personal sacrifice is something you lose then get something else as the compensation. Following the result, we could assess the sacrifice to be much or not much, worth or not worth. Success in career brings us a lot of things such as money, fame, and prestige†¦.but we also have to sacrifice; maybe as little as effort and time, however, sometimes it is the big deal. Personal sacrifice is to leave behind voluntarily personal precious things and serve for benefits of others (or society) without any rewards. 2) Advantages and disadvantages of personal sacrifices. Next, we will discuss about kind of sacrifice that people have made to success. The first is time life. Arranging a reasonable time for the job is very important. However to achieve success in your career; you’ll spend almost all your time on the job. You use your whole day in the research planning implementing plans to achieve the goals already set. When starting  a new job to create a good impression with your boss, to get everyone’s attention, you must express yourself more than other. You must be hang person in work. You care about your job, you spend more time on it, you’ll go to word earlier than everyone, and when to workload its too much, that you had not done enough to in the day. you are willing to work overtime to complete them. That efforts will be more successful for you. Every year you have about 100 days-off. They include of weekend, vacation,..althought they are days-off, you still have to work hard while people are using to their time to going to cinema, going shopping with family, friend or simply resting at home, you are working as a workaholic. While people breathing fresh air, chatting with friends,laughing loudly †¦; you are busy with a lot of papers and plans †¦ after all. You take sometime to rest after the plan was completed, to relieve stress and create the excitement to work for the next step. To success in your career, you can sacrifice their family. You work day and night even in days-off. You don’t have must time for your family. It consumes most of the time of career of you and only afford them a very minimum time for your family. All members don’t have dinner together because you go home late or don’t have much time take care them. When your family have some problems that important, you can’t go home immediately to resolve thet problem because you are very busy in office. When relatives visit, you can’t welcome a warm although you want to invite them to stay in your home for several days. Each person has the prionty in life and each person should decide which prioritize what to do. Having a career is a guarantee for a secure futer of the family which means that though you want to have a career it is because of your family. Besides, you also have friendship which is very important in relationship in your life. But you want to complete all the tasks you’ve been assigned you have to work hard and have no time for your friend. And you can’t have coffee every night or go to the cinema with your friends. Those are reason of bad relationships with your family and friend. You want to have a successful career, you have to sacrifice many things to achieve, although it is the important stuff, like money and pleasure. When you want to invest in a domain, you need a sum of money. But may be due to the opportunity or luck that you did not succeed, so that money was lost. But in return, you have more experience and knowledge to firmer times. Think that it’s a worthy sacrifice, because you know you can make a lot of many times more than that amount, with that experience. The logic is simple: If you do an average job and save some money, you will earn an average income. If you do an extraordinary job by spending some of your money, you can earn an extraordinary income. Not only money, when you want to really succeed, you have to give up your pleasure. Why? Because if you want to do both, you will be distracted and unfocused. Only you give up it, you can put all your mind and energy on the job you are pursuing. And ability to succeed will be higher. Successful individuals let go of ‘immediate pleasure’ for long-lasting success. If you haven’t reached where you are headed, then dig your head in practice and study till you get there. Instead of spending time and money for your pleasure use the time to further your career. 3) How to balance your career and personal life? * Clearly defined objectives Money can not be the primary goal for you to reach in his life, so do not be determined because the money that is willing to sacrifice everything * Don’t be afraid to ask for help. If you have stress in work or trouble at home, be sure to ask for help from people. Your boss may not even realize that you are being overburdened unless you make it known. You should not feel as if the fate of your company rests solely in your hands or as if the happiness of your family rests only on your shoulders. * Written goals: write a list of priority tasks must be completed in a day. You are not only happy when it’s completed but also avoid feeling stress. – Sharing with someone : a close friend, a consultant who will help you a lot in the process of  finding the balance between work and life. Although busy but you should also take the time to meet your friend and talk to relieve the knots themselves. They can give you some advice, appropriate solutions to help you overcome stress. The balance in your life will go back to you. * Do not bring too many projects go to home on the weekend. Keep a distance of work will give you time to relax, so you are more alert and productive work when the second day. III) Conclusion The sacrifices you need to make which depend on your ultimate goals. Only you can decide what is more important to you and whether you are ready and prepared to change! In order to obtain anything worthwhile in life, you have to make sacrifices. You have to give up something NOW in order to obtain something that you perceive to be better LATER. It’s always been that way and it always will be. Remember, first you make your choices, then your choices make you. There is No Success Without Sacrifice. Our presentation’ve finished. Hope it could provide you some useful information and knowledge. Thank you!